Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Here are the answers to your questions:

Red, swollen, or tender gums: In the early stages of gum disease, the gums may appear redder than usual, feel swollen, and be sensitive to touch.

Bleeding gums: Gums that bleed easily, especially during brushing, flossing, or eating, can be a sign of gum disease.

Receding gums: As periodontal disease progresses, the gums may start to recede, exposing the roots of the teeth and causing teeth to appear longer.

Persistent bad breath: Gum disease can cause persistent bad breath that doesn't improve with regular oral hygiene practices.

Healing of Periodontitis:

While periodontitis is not fully reversible, its progression can be halted and managed through appropriate treatment and oral care. Professional dental interventions and consistent oral hygiene practices can help control the disease, prevent further damage, and maintain oral health.

The primary cause of periodontitis is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums. When plaque is not adequately removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar (calculus), which requires professional cleaning to remove. The bacteria in plaque and tartar trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the destruction of gum tissues and supporting structures around the teeth.

Periodontal disease is often classified into the following stages:

Stage 1: Gingivitis - Inflammation of the gums without bone loss.

Stage 2: Early periodontitis - Mild bone loss and further inflammation.

Stage 3: Moderate periodontitis - Increased bone loss, deeper gum pockets, and possible tooth mobility.

Stage 4: Advanced periodontitis - Severe bone loss, deep gum pockets, tooth mobility, and potential tooth loss.

Symptoms: Besides the signs mentioned earlier, other symptoms can include loose teeth, changes in bite, pus around the teeth and gums, and a change in the fit of partial dentures.

Causes: Poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, certain medications, hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, and systemic diseases can contribute to the development of periodontal disease.

Treatments: Treatment options for periodontitis include professional dental cleanings, scaling and root planing (deep cleaning of the root surfaces), antibiotic therapy, gum surgeries, and regenerative procedures.

Home Remedies: Maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing teeth twice a day, flossing daily, using antimicrobial mouthwashes, and quitting smoking can help manage periodontal disease. However, home remedies alone may not be sufficient, and it's essential to seek professional dental care for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

It's important to note that periodontal disease is a complex condition, and treatment approaches can vary depending on the severity and individual factors. Consulting a dentist or periodontist is crucial for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and personalized treatment planning.